Electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic wave is of transverse nature. var now = new Date(); Free PDF Download of CBSE Physics Multiple Choice Questions for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves. from y-rays to radio waves. The displacement of electrons is caused by the time varying electric field. Physics Electromagnetic Waves part 1 (Introduction) CBSE class 12. 8. MCQs. Therefore,  {{dq} \over {dt}} = C{{dV} \over {dt}}   or   I = C{{dV} \over {dt}} The wavelength(λ) and frequency (v) of the EM waves can be related as: c= v.λ. 6. Here, wavelength \lambda = 5.5 x 10-5 cm = 5.5 x 10-7 m Radiant Flux Density. {{E_o^2} \over c}, The electromagnetic wave during its propagation has linear momentum with it. Free PDF Download of CBSE Physics Multiple Choice Questions for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves. Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, \varepsilon = - {{d{\Phi _B}} \over {dt}}  or  \oint {\vec E.d\vec l = - {{d{\Phi _B}} \over {dt}}}, \oint {\vec B.d\vec l} = {\mu _o}\left( {{I_C} + {\varepsilon _o}{{d{\Phi _E}} \over {dt}}} \right). Physics MCQs for Class 12 Chapter Wise with Answers PDF Download was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. On the receiving end the audio signal is filtered from the carrier waves and this process is known as demodulation. Electromagnetic wave equation describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum or through a medium. (b) will have frequency of 2 × 109 Hz. (c)  Is Kirchhoff's first rule valid at each plate of the capacitor? var todaystime = h + ":" + m + ":" + s Electromagnetic waves are coupled time varying electric and magnetic fields that propagate in space. Electromagnetic Waves. It is also called range of communication d. The range of space wave communication can be increased by increasing the heights of the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna. Electromagnetic Waves. Suggest two methods by which range of TV transmission can be increased. (xii) The existence of electromagnetic waves was confirmed by Hertz experimentally in 1888. Velocity of electromagnetic waves is also given by, c = {1 \over {\sqrt {{\mu _o}{\varepsilon _o}} }}. (i)   The direction of variation of electric field E and magnetic field B are perpendicular to each other as well as to the direction of propagation. Ionisation occurs due to the absorption of the ultraviolet and other high energy radiation coming from the sun, by the air molecues, The phenomenon of bending of electromagnetic waves in this layer so that they are diverted towards the earth is helpful in skywavepropogation. Accelerated charges are responsible to produce electromagnetic waves. or   {{dV} \over {dt}} = {1 \over C} = {{0.15} \over {80.1 \times {{10}^{ - 12}}}} = 1.873 \times {10^9}V{s^{ - 1}}. Various layers in which the atmosphere has been divided are shown in figure. At some point by the curvature of the earth, the line of sight propagation gets blocked. Physics Chemistry Mathematics Biology When energy of electromagnetic wave is incident on a surface, the flux density is called intensity of wave (denoted by I). These waves travel through the space and reach the receiving antenna at the other end. ( Electromagnetic Waves ) www.free-education.in is a platform where you can get pdf notes from 6th to 12th class notes, General Knowledge post, Engineering post, Career Guidelines , English Speaking Trick , How to crack interview and lots more. where c = velocity of the wave. Now,   A = \pi R2 = \pi (12 x 10-2)2 = 1.44 \pi x 10-2 m2 Various layers in which the atmosphere has been divided are shown in figure. Class 12 Physics Communication Systems. This is similar to total internal reflection in optics, The radiowaves of frequency range from 1710 kHz to 40 MHz are propagated in sky wave propagation. Electromagnetic Waves undergo interference and diffraction. 0.15 A. Why sky wave propagation of electromagnetic waves cannot be used for TV transmission? (b)  What is the wavelength in glass, if refractive index of glass is 1.5? Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Waves. Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 Notes Chapter 8. CBSE Notes of Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Waves Introduction. Gauss's law in electrostatics, Gauss's law in magnetism, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and Maxwell-Ampere's circuital law are called Maxwell's equations. An accelerated charge acts as the source of electromagnetic waves. The process by which an audio signal is superimposed over the carrier waves is known as modulation. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The ionosphere plays a major role in sky wave propagation. The electromagnetic waves produced: (a) will have frequency of 109 Hz. In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the root mean square value of the electric field is 6 V/m. Displacement Current The current which comes into play m the region in which the electric field and the electric flux is changing with time. Textbook Solutions. var m = now.getMinutes(); i = "0" + i; Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 th Physics deals with various types of radiations sustaining in the environment. There is also a sinusoidally varying magnetic field associated with electric field when light propagates. There is also a sinusoidally varying magnetic field associated with electric field when light propagates. The average value of pointing vector (\vec S) over a convenient time interval in the propagation of electromagnetic wave is known as radiant flux density. 5. The range varies from 10 -12 m, to 10 4 m, i.e. The phenomenon of heating of earth's atmosphere due to trapping of infra-red rays, which are radiated from earth's surface, by carbon dioxide layer in the atmosphere is called green house effect. Class-12CBSE Board - Propagation of electromagnetic waves - LearnNext offers animated video lessons with neatly explained examples, Study Material, FREE NCERT Solutions, Exercises and Tests. Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm and separated by 5.0 cm. The wavelength (λ) and the frequency (v) of electromagnetic wave is related as c = v λ = ω/ Explain. Class 10 Class 12. (c) at rest. The maximum line of sight distance (range of communication) d. When an electromagnetic wave advances, the electromagnetic energy flows in the direction of \vec E \times \vec B. The average value of \vec S over a single period T is given by, S = I = {c^2}{\varepsilon _o}|{\vec E_o} \times {\vec B_o}|{1 \over T}\int\limits_0^T {{{\cos }^2}\left( {kx - \omega t} \right)} dt The threshold frequency for a metallic surface corresponds to an energy of 6.2 eV, and the stopping potential for a radiation incident … NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Waves Notes. The space waves travel in straight line from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna. Velocity of light, c = 3 x 108 m/s What are the directions of electric and magnetic field vectors relative to each other and relative to … The total radiant flux emitted at any instant is given by, When an electromagnetic wave advances, the electromagnetic energy flows in the direction of, A harmonic electromagnetic wave traveling along X-axis in free space can be described by periodic variation of electric and magnetic field along y-axis and z-axis with the equations. From equation (3) it can be proved that for a plane electromagnetic wave propagating along x-axis, {{\partial {E_y}} \over {\partial x}} = - {{\,\partial {B_z}} \over {\partial t}}     (4), i.e. Electromagnetic Spectrum The systematic sequential distribution of electromagnetic waves in ascending or descending order of frequency or wavelength is known as electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic waves- features Waves generally require a material medium for their propagation. document.write(''); It is given as: \(\vec{E}\times \vec{B}\). They do not require a material medium for their propagation. It shows that the velocity of electromagnetic waves is equal to the ratio of amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields. Why sky wave propagation of electromagnetic waves cannot be used for TV transmission? From equation (1), we have, {{\partial {E_y}} \over {\partial x}} = {E_o}\cos \left( {x - ct} \right), {{\partial {B_y}} \over {\partial t}} = - c{B_o}\cos \left( {x - ct} \right), Substituting for {{\partial {E_y}} \over {\partial x}}  and {{\partial {B_z}} \over {\partial t}}  in equation (1), {E_o} = c{B_o}     or     c = {{{E_o}} \over {{B_o}}}, It shows that the velocity of electromagnetic waves is equal to the ratio of amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields. Such a combination of mutually perpendicular electric and magnetic fields is referred to as an electromagnetic wave in vacuum. Physics Important Questions Class 12 are given below. Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Waves: Nature of EM waves: Nature of EM waves. (c) Yes, Kirchhoff's law will be valid at each plate of the capacitor, provided electric current means the sum of the conduction and displacement currents. (b)  The average energy density of magnetic field is, {u_B} = {{{B^2}} \over {2{\mu _o}}} = {{{{\left( {{B_o}/\sqrt 2 } \right)}^2}} \over {2{\mu _o}}} = {{B_o^2} \over {4{\mu _o}}}, (c) {u_E} = {u_B} Therefore, velocity of light in glass \nu = {c \over \mu } = {{3 \times {{10}^8}} \over {1.5}} = 2 \times {10^8}m/s At any instant, the electric and magnetic fields varying sinusoidally with x can be expressed by equation, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that. Physics Electromagnetic Waves part 1 (Introduction) CBSE class 12. Need for Displacement Current Ampere’s circuital law for conduction current during charging of a capacitor was found inconsistent. //var today = now.getFullYear()+"-"+(month)+"-"+(day); Ozon layer: The upper region of stratosphere is rich in ozone and is called ozone layer. var month = ("0" + (now.getMonth() + 1)).slice(-2); Hence, space waves are used for line of sight communication such as television broadcast, microwave link and satellite communication, The line of sight communication is limited by (a) the line of sight distance (b) the curvature of the earth. Displacement current is that which results due to the displacement of electrons. (iii) The electric and magnetic field variation are in phase. = {c^2}{\varepsilon _o}{E_o}{B_o}\sin {90^o}\left[ {{1 \over 2}} \right]                     [since {1 \over T}\int\limits_0^T {{{\cos }^2}\left( {kx - \omega t} \right)} dt = {1 \over 2} ] Class 10 Class 12. The threshold frequency for a metallic surface corresponds to an energy of 6.2 eV, and the stopping potential for a radiation incident on this surface 5 V. The incident radiation lies in a magnetic field varying with time gives rise to an electric field varying in space. s = checkTime(s); \oint {B.dl} = {\mu _o}\left( {{I_C} + {I_D}} \right), where {I_C} = {{dq} \over {dt}} ,  where {{dq} \over {dt}} is rate of flow of charge. It has wide range with wavelength variation of 10-14 m to 6 x 102 m. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves. Concept: ... Electromagnetic Waves video tutorial 01:01:41; Advertisement Remove all ads. The total radiant flux emitted at any instant is given by It is given by 2. Answer . Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves. return i; (b) These waves propagate through space with speed of light, i.e., 3 10 8 m/s. (c) Yes, Kirchhoff's law will be valid at each plate of the capacitor, provided electric current means the sum of the conduction and displacement currents. (c) will have a wavelength of 0.3 m. (d) fall in the region of radiowaves. … Jan 06, 2021 - EM Waves Properties and Propagation Class 12 Notes | EduRev is made by best teachers of Class 12. The capacitor is being charged by an external source (not shown in the figure). Download NCERT Books, Video Lectures ASK DOUBTS Start Discusssion Free JEE Test Series, Get the most advanced study material and top your exams. This document is highly rated by Class 12 students and has been viewed 1521 times. The wavelength of light in glass, \lambda = {v \over \nu } = vt document.write(''); Class-12CBSE Board - Propagation of electromagnetic waves - LearnNext offers animated video lessons with neatly explained examples, Study Material, FREE NCERT Solutions, Exercises and Tests. The charging current is constant and is equal to 0.15 A. Concept: ... Electromagnetic Waves video tutorial 01:01:41; Advertisement Remove all ads. Question 1. Electromagnetic Waves. Textbook Solutions. The energy of electromagnetic wave crossing per unit time per unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave is called the intensity of electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic Wave Equation. Here we have covered Important Questions on Electromagnetic Waves for Class 12 Physics subject. The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun and prevents them from reaching the earth's surface, otherwise these can cause damage to life. Electromagnetic Waves – Notes. Therefore modified Ampere's law may be expressed as, \int {\vec B.d\vec l} = {\mu _o}\left( {{I_C} + {\varepsilon _o}{{d{\Phi _E}} \over {dt}}} \right). While communication using radio waves, the transmitter antenna radiates electromagnetic waves. Due to which the electromagnetic waves incident on a surface exert a force on the surface. 673 Views. What is the maximum distance between them for satisfactory communication in LOS mode? Video Lesson. Example 2 (b) Displacement current is equal to conduction current i.e. Electric field is varying with time, and it will give rise to magnetic field, this magnetic field is varying with time and it gives rise to electric field and the process continues so on. If the electromagnetic wave incident on a material surface is completely absorbed, it will deliver energy U and momentum, If the incident wave is totally reflected from the surface, the momentum delivered to the surface, According to Maxwell, the accelerated charged particles produce electromagnetic waves. {\varepsilon _0} = 8.85 \times {10^{ - 12}}{C^2}{N^{ - 1}}{m^{ - 2}} Students can solve NCERT Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Waves MCQs Pdf with Answers to know their preparation level. the wavelength of the wave is The best app for CBSE students now provides Electromagnetic Waves class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. 673 Views. Chapter 8 Electromagnetic Waves Class 12 th Physics deals with various types of radiations sustaining in the environment. (d) Total average energy density, {u_E} + {u_B} = 2{u_E} = 2{u_B} = {1 \over 2}{\varepsilon _o}E_o^2 = {1 \over 2}{{B_o^2} \over {{\mu _o}}}, The energy of electromagnetic wave crossing per unit time per unit area perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave is called the intensity of electromagnetic wave. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that, \oint {\vec E.d\vec l} = - {{d{\Phi _B}} \over {dt}}    (3). var s = now.getSeconds(); It is given as: \(\vec{E}\times \vec{B}\). Given that {\varepsilon _0} = 8.85 \times {10^{ - 12}}{C^2}{N^{ - 1}}{m^{ - 2}}. document.write(''); The constant c is the speed of light in vacuum. 7. Need for Displacement Current Ampere’s circuital law for conduction current during charging of a capacitor was found inconsistent. An oscillating charge in an LC circuit also produces EM waves. The modulated signal is sent through transmitting antenna. (i)   The direction of variation of electric field E and magnetic field B are perpendicular to each other as well as to the direction of propagation. Here  {\Phi _E}   is electric flux. Zigya App. (iv) EM waves are produced by accelerating charged particle. We know that the earth’s atmosphere is divided into various regions like – Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Ionosphere. Therefore, Maxwell modified Ampere’s circuital law. The generalized form of Ampere's law \oint {B.dl} = {\mu _o}I, which includes both conduction current {I_C} (current flowing through the conducting wire) and displacement current {I_C} as given by Maxwell i.e. Notes for Electromagnetic Waves chapter of class 12 physics. Given c = 3 x 108 m/s. i.e. function checkTime(i) { Maxwell discovered the concept of displacement current. Class 12th Physics – 8 Electromagnetic Waves – Notes. var h = now.getHours(); While communication using radio waves, the transmitter antenna radiates electromagnetic waves. Here,   d = 5.0 mm = 5.0 x 10-3 m; R = 12 cm = 12 x 10-2 m, I = 0.15 A. It also bends around the corner of the objects on the earth, Due to this, the energy of the ground wave is gradually absorbed by the earth and the power of the ground wave decreases, The power of the ground wave decreases with the increase in the distance from the transmitting station. Maxwell's concept of displacement current led to the conclusion that an electric field varying with time at a point produces magnetic field at that point. (b) moving in a circular orbit. The wave equation for light propagating in x-direction in vacuum may be written as, E = {E_o}\sin \omega \left( {t - x/c} \right), where E is the sinusoidally varying electric field at position x at time t. The constant c is the speed of light in vacuum. Zigya App. 0.15 A. Properties of elctromagnetic wave (a) ?These waves are transverse in nature and i t does not require a medium for propagation. We know Physics is tough subject within the consortium of science subjects physics is an important subject.But if you want to make career in these fields like IT Consultant, Lab Technician, Laser Engineer, Optical Engineer etc. The wave while travelling in another path is reflected from a surface at 1 9 km away and further travels 1 2 km to reach the same receiver. Electromagnetic wave propagation does not require any material medium to travel. CBSE Notes of Class 12 Physics Electromagnetic Waves Introduction. The actual boundaries are not sharp and the distances are approximate. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves. These waves required no medium for its propagation. It has wide range with wavelength variation of 10-14 m to 6 x 102 m. (ii)  Speed of EM wave is 3 x 108 m/s in space, in any other medium it depends on the electric and magnetic properties of the medium and is independent of the amplitude of field variation. This symmetry in the law of electricity and magnetism leads to the conclusion that a time varying electric field gives rise to a time varying magnetic field and vice versa. Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. In radio wave communication between two places. Figure shows a capacitor made of two circular plates each of radius 12 cm and separated by 5.0 mm. Electromagnetic Spectrum is the orderly distribution of electromagnetic radiations according to their wavelength or frequency. According to Maxwell, the electromagnetic waves are those waves in which there is a sinusoidal variation of electric and magnetic field vectors are at right angles to each other, and the direction of wave propagation. Here you can get Class 12 Important Questions Physics based on NCERT Text book for Class XII. 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