In a 100 gram reference amount, raw cashews provide 553 Calories, 67% of the Daily Value (DV) in total fats, 36% DV of protein, 13% DV of dietary fiber and 11% DV of carbohydrates. It also grows in parts of Asia and Africa. The cashew tree is cultivated in the tropics between 25°N and 25°S, and is supremely adapted to hot lowland areas with a pronounced dry season, where the mango and tamarind trees also thrive. A master of deception, the real fruit dangles from the bottom of the cashew apple, guarding within it a single seed, known to us as a cashew nut. Please deactivate your ad blocker in order to see our subscription offer. These include anacardier (French with the fruit referred to as pomme de Cajour;[37] sva:y chan'ti Khmer;[37] caju (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʒu]), also known as acaju (Portuguese);[1] acajú (Tupian word ="nut that produces itself")[1], Distilling cashew apple liquor (muchekele) in Mozambique, Shriveled, fermented cashew apples ready for distillation, Mozambique, Mameluca woman under a fruiting cashew tree (1641–1644) by Albert Eckhout. A crescent-shaped protrusion is attached to the outside of the cashew apple, where the nut exists. [38], As well as the nut and fruit, the plant has several other uses. However, cashews that have not been dried and roasted can be purchased in some stores and online. CNSL may be used as a resin for carbon composite products. Cashew nut oil, as well as the leaves and bark of the cashew tree, have also been used in traditional medicines in communities around the world to treat everything from toothaches to diabetes. Along with Brazil nuts and almonds, cashews have the highest magnesium content per serving of any tree nut. You will receive a verification email shortly. Many of the spices used in everyday cooking come from grounding up of the seed, such as cumin, fennel, and cardamom. But today it is grown in several other tropical parts of the world, mostly in Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. And in addition to the cashew's known nutritional benefits, researchers have also explored the possibility of using the toxic oil found in the nut's shell as an antibiotic. Steeping the fruit in boiling salt water for five minutes also reduces the astringency. Reactions to cashew and tree nuts can also occur as a consequence of hidden nut ingredients or traces of nuts that may inadvertently be introduced during food processing, handling, or manufacturing, particularly in people of European descent. The cashew apple can be eaten fresh, cooked in curries, or fermented into vinegar, as well as an alcoholic drink. Each nut has to be manually collected from each fruit and then set to dry. Growing in the tropics, cashew trees flower and fruit in the winter or dry season, producing a nut that’s much more than a nut and has to be handled with care.Keep reading to learn how to harvest cashews. [17] Readily and inexpensively extracted from the waste shells, cardanol is under research for its potential applications in nanomaterials and biotechnology.[18]. Overview Information Cashew is a tree that is native to Brazil. The inner shell is hard and must be cracked like other nuts. Turkey has the right idea. … Its English name derives from the Portuguese name for the fruit of the cashew tree: caju (Portuguese pronunciation: [kaˈʒu]), also known as acaju, which itself is from the Tupian word acajú, literally meaning "nut that produces itself". The cashew tree is native to northeastern Brazil, but the Portuguese took it to Goa, India between 1560 and 1565. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm (10 in) long; each flower is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in) long. Honestly, it looks odd and pretty unappetizing. poison ivy) may not want to risk finding out whether these processes for removing anarcardic acid are entirely effective. We’re questioning what person looked at the below picture and thought, “Hmm, that would make a good snack.” Fita, Are you meaning you blend the dried cashew nuts with mango and banana. The Mighty Cashew. Feni is about 40–42% alcohol. The fruit pictured above is a cashew apple, hanging at the bottom of it is a cashew nut. [25], For up to 6% of children and 3% of adults, consuming cashews may cause allergic reactions, ranging from mild discomfort to life-threatening anaphylaxis. [11] Called the cashew apple, better known in Central America as marañón, it ripens into a yellow or red structure about 5–11 cm (2.0–4.3 in) long. When cashew nuts form, they appear growing out of the bottom of a big swollen fruit. Today, dwarf trees are grown to bear fruit more quickly. Portuguese missionaries took it to East Africa and India during the late 16th century, where it became abundant at low altitudes near the seacoast. The resulting beverage is called feni or fenny. [31], This natural oil phenol has interesting chemical structural features that can be modified to create a wide spectrum of biobased monomers. What is a Cashew? Brazil, India, and Vietnam accounted for 92% (6%, 11%, and 75% respectively) of the United States cashew imports. The United States imports most of their cashews from Brazil, Vietnam, and India. Cashews grow in a shell that’s attached to a “cashew apple” which is attached to the branch of the tree. [25] Cashews (100 grams, raw) contain 113 milligrams (1.74 gr) of beta-sitosterol. They are native to the Caribbean Islands and North East Brazil. The United States imported about 147,367 metric tons in 2016 which is a 26.1% growth in the last decade. Follow LiveScience @livescience. These include polyols, which have recently seen increased demand for their biobased origin and key chemical attributes such as high reactivity, range of functionalities, reduction in blowing agents, and naturally occurring fire retardant properties in the field of rigid polyurethanes, aided by their inherent phenolic structure and larger number of reactive units per unit mass.[18]. The Portuguese colonizers were the first to export cashew nuts in Brazil in the 16th Century. Benin, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Tanzania, Mozambique, Indonesia, and Brazil also had significant production of cashew kernels. Cashew nuts are protected from hungry passerby by a double shell containing a potent poison called anacardic acid. [24] The traditional cashew tree is tall (up to 14 m) and takes three years from planting before it starts production, and eight years before economic harvests can begin. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4–22 cm (1.6–8.7 in) long and 2–15 cm (0.79–5.91 in) broad, with smooth margins. New York, Though these nuts are most likely steamed or otherwise processed, Enos said that those with a severe allergy to urshiol (i.e. From India, the tree spread all over Southeast Asia and finally reached West Africa. The province of Pampanga also has a sweet dessert called turrones de casuy, which is cashew marzipan wrapped in white wafers. Its corrosive coating is the reason that cashew nuts are not sold in their shells like pistachios or peanuts. It possibly refers to the heart shape of the fruit,[6] to "the top of the fruit stem"[7] or to the seed. Cashew trees can grow up to 6-12 meters (20-40 feet) high. 'Magic mushrooms' grow in man's blood after injection with shroom tea, Orangutans and otters strike up darling friendship at Belgium zoo, Bizarre new type of locomotion discovered in invasive snakes. Raw cashews are 5% water, 30% carbohydrates, 44% fat, and 18% protein (table). Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) or cashew shell oil (CAS registry number 8007-24-7) is a natural resin with a yellowish sheen found in the honeycomb structure of the cashew nutshell, and is a byproduct of processing cashew nuts. The cashew tree does well in the tropics between the 250 N and 250 S latitudes and is best-suited in regions which experience a long dry season. The cashew is inside the dark hull at the bottom, it is slightly sticky, strong smelling and toxic. NY 10036. [13] In Mozambique, bolo polana is a cake prepared using powdered cashews and mashed potatoes as the main ingredients. What do you do with all those leftover pistachio shells? Where do cashews come from? We're also on Facebook & Google+. The leaves are spirally arranged, leathery textured, elliptic to obovate, 4–22 cm (1.6–8.7 in) long and 2–15 cm (0.79–5.91 in) broad, with smooth margins. First of all, cashews are not actually nuts, but rather fruits from the cashew tree, a large evergreen tree that thrives in tropical climates. For the rapid transit station, see. The cashew is not a nut, however; it’s a seed. It is edible and has a strong "sweet" smell and taste. This is where cashews come from. Cashews are native to Brazil and there can be found in countless forms. It is also used in powdered form in the preparation of several Indian sweets and desserts. The cashew nut yields for the traditional tree are about 0.25 metric tons per hectare, in contrast to over a ton per hectare for the dwarf variety. The flowers are produced in a panicle or corymb up to 26 cm (10 in) long; each flower is small, pale green at first, then turning reddish, with five slender, acute petals 7–15 mm (0.28–0.59 in) long. Cashews, as you know them, are nuts. To do so, simply spread your raw cashews in one layer on a baking tray. In Goan cuisine, both roasted and raw kernels are used whole for making curries and sweets. Have you ever seen a cashew apple? The tree produces a fleshy, pear-shaped stalk called a cashew apple on its branches. The cashew seed is often considered a nut in the culinary sense; this cashew nut is eaten on its own, used in recipes, or processed into cashew cheese or cashew butter. Inside a stem of the fruit, the cashew nut lives. The United States has been the top importers of cashews for the last decade. History of the cashew from their discovery to cultivation ever wondered where cashew nuts come from you the internet just realized this is how cashews grow and people are the internet just realized this is how cashews grow and people are why cashews are not sold to consumers in their shells and study potential of vietnamese fairtrade cashews nuts by trade for. [35], When consumed, the apple's astringency is sometimes removed by steaming the fruit for five minutes before washing it in cold water. While many of the cashews produced for commerce come from Africa and India, the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is native to tropical regions of Brazil. One study by researchers at University of California Berkeley found that anarcardic acid is effective at killing the bacteria that causes acne, as well as that which causes tooth decay and the erosion of tooth enamel. Though you might think of it as just another nut in the trail mix, the cashew is a decidedly strange snack. Cashews come from a tropical tree formally known as Anacardium occidentale ().. A Brief History of Cashew Nuts (See the photo above.) Despite its propensity to poison, the cashew is lauded for its substantial store of nutrients. There was a problem. Please refresh the page and try again. The "false fruit" is edible, but highly perishable. [18] It is used in tropical folk medicine and for antitermite treatment of timber. Eat the fruit, throw away the cashew! 1. About Cashew Harvesting. In 2014, the country revealed plans to start the first ever eco-city, which would run entirely off pistachio shells. [1] The top end of the cashew apple is attached to the stem that comes off the tree. That is why cashews are highly processed or must be carefully handshelled, they can be toxic raw. Fermented juice then undergoes a double distillation process. In the southern region of Mtwara, Tanzania, the cashew apple (bibo in Swahili) is dried and saved. The Human Rights Watch made shocking claims about where cashew nuts come from. Could the novel coronavirus one day become a common cold? Visit our corporate site. [16] Due to the possible dermatitis, cashews are typically not sold in the shell to consumers. They're delicious.I messed up my latest video and decided to refilm some of it. … Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nuts and by-products. Just as the cashew isn’t really a nut, this so-called apple is a false fruit. The Cashew is a nut-bearing tree that is native to the country of Brazil. The primary producers of cashew nuts are Brazil, India, Vietnam, Africa (Tanzania and Mozambique), and South East Asia. [37], As well as the botanical name Anacardium occidentale, the tree is known by common, or vernacular names. [25] Cashews are rich sources (20% or more of the DV) of dietary minerals, including particularly copper, manganese, phosphorus, and magnesium (79-110% DV), and of thiamin, vitamin B6 and vitamin K (32-37% DV) (table). It’s really quite interesting…It all begins in a tropical region such as Brazil, Nigeria, India, Vietnam, Philippines and of course Indonesia. They have been used as the … [4] In 2017, Vietnam, India, and the Ivory Coast were the major producers. The cashew tree is native to Brazil. The shell of the cashew seed yields derivatives that can be used in many applications including lubricants, waterproofing, paints, and, starting in World War II, arms production. As nuts go, cashews are pretty strange. This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 16:48. 2,500-year-old temple to Greek love goddess unearthed in Turkey, 'Bumblebee gravity' could explain why the universe is expanding so quickly, Parasite found in cat poop linked to higher brain cancer risk in humans, Statue of mysterious woman with 'Star Wars'-like headdress found in Mexico. [25] Iron, potassium, zinc, and selenium are present in significant content (14-61% DV) (table). The thin outer shell is smooth and glasslike. The largest cashew tree in the world covers about 81,000 sq. Cashews are commonly used in South Asian cuisine, whole for garnishing sweets or curries, or ground into a paste that forms a base of sauces for curries (e.g., korma), or some sweets (e.g., kaju barfi). The species is native to Central America, the Caribbean, and northern South America, including northeastern Brazil. The largest cashew tree in the worldcovers an area around 7,500 … Cashews are native to tropical Central and South America, and are now abundant in East Africa and India. The cashew, known botanically as Anacardium occidentale, is the seed of a tropical evergreen shrub related to mango, pistachio and poison ivy. The fruit, or ‘cashew apple’, which resembles a bell pepper, is what is called a ‘false fruit’. The Portuguese were responsible for spreading the tree in other regions and introduced the cashew tree to India in the 1550s. What are cashews and where they come from? They come from a cashew tree, which is an evergreen. The tree produces a long, fleshy stalk, called a cashew apple, which resembles a small pear. Since the cashew tree needs a tropical areas, 90% of cashews come from Brazil, India, Vietnam and Nigeria, Germany and the United States are the top importers of this nut. Or rather, the cashew nut is only a part of the cashew fruit. [20] Fluctuations in world market prices, poor working conditions, and low pay for local harvesting have caused discontent in the cashew nut industry.[21][22][23]. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Access to Market Data and Supply Chain Visibility offer Economic Boost to Ghana Cashew Farmers", "It's cashew time at the fair and on the plate (translated)", "Potential biological applications of bio-based anacardic acids and their derivatives", "War-scarred Ivory Coast aims to conquer the world of cashews", "Tanzania riots over cashew nut payments", "Cashew nut workers suffer 'appalling' conditions as global slump dents profits", "Full Report (All Nutrients): 12087, Nuts, cashew nuts, raw, database version SR 27", "Current perspectives on tree nut allergy: a review", "Exposure and Use Data for Cashew Nut Shell Liquid", United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Bioresins Derived from Cashew Nutshell Oil", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cashew&oldid=999721994, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Articles needing additional references from April 2013, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Cashew Nuts. The cashew tree is large and evergreen, growing to 14 m (46 ft) tall, with a short, often irregularly shaped trunk. Thank you for signing up to Live Science. [26][27][28][29] These allergies are triggered by the proteins found in tree nuts, and cooking often does not remove or change these proteins. It is a strong irritant and therefore a danger in small-scale processing of the shells, but also a raw material of multiple uses in developing drugs, antioxidants, fungicides, and biomaterials. [34] CNSL-based Novolac is another versatile industrial monomer deriving from cardanol typically used as a reticulating agent for epoxy matrices in composite applications providing good thermal and mechanical properties to the final composite material. Technically, the cashew nut itself is the tree's fruit, so the fleshy cashew "apple" is merely a byproduct. Main Benefits of Cashews are Animals can also eat the leaves of cashew trees. The largest cashew tree in the world covers an area around 7,500 m2 (81,000 sq ft) and is located in Natal, Brazil. [1][2][3] Portuguese colonists in Brazil began exporting cashew nuts as early as the 1550s. The drupe develops first on the tree, and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew apple. Heuzé V., Tran G., Hassoun P., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2017. Photo from 2016, Species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae, This article is about the tree and its nut. Anacardic acid is also used in the chemical industry for the production of cardanol, which is used for resins, coatings, and frictional materials. [8] The word anacardium was earlier used to refer to Semecarpus anacardium (the marking nut tree) before Carl Linnaeus transferred it to the cashew; both plants are in the same family. The fruit of the cashew tree is an accessory fruit (sometimes called a pseudocarp or false fruit). © Like the tree, the nut is often simply called cashew. [1] The tree can grow as high as 14 m (46 ft), but the dwarf cultivars, growing up to 6 m (20 ft), prove more profitable, with earlier maturity and greater yields. Cashew nuts come from fruit producing trees. Other trees cultivated along with the cashew tree are the tamarind and mangotrees which are also well-adapted to s… It is known under various names in the local languages of Mozambique (muchekele in Emakua, spoken in the North; xicadju in Changana, spoken in the South). The average person rarely questions where cashews come from and this fact is proven every time we work a market. In Cambodia the bark gives a yellow dye, the timber is used in boat-making, and for house-boards, and the wood makes excellent charcoal. The seed is surrounded by a double shell that contains an allergenic phenolic resin, anacardic acid—which is a potent skin irritant chemically related to the better-known and also toxic allergenic oil urushiol, which is found in the related poison ivy and lacquer tree. Its nut, also known as cashew, is commonly eaten as food. But the cashew nut is not the only fruit of the cashew trees. These particular trees produce fruits, called cashew apples. The nut is, botanically, the seed of the fruit and each apple will only produce one. Follow Elizabeth Palermo on Twitter @techEpalermo, Facebook or Google+. Though they are grown for commercial use in various other tropical regions of the world largely in … Yet, this part of … First of all, cashews are not actually nuts, but rather fruits from the cashew tree, a large evergreen tree that thrives in tropical climates. The family Anacardiaceae, this part of the cashew nut is, botanically, the tree! With mango and banana skin allergens, like lacquer and the oils of ivy! Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10036 kernels are used to preserves. ] Iron, potassium, zinc, and Brazil also had significant production of cashew nuts with and. 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Then distilled to make a strong liquor named gongo rapid growth of cashew cultivation in Coast. Originate from tropical regions of Brazil, then distilled to make a strong liquor named gongo used in Thai Chinese... On top and peanuts below the s… cashews come from grounding up of the cashew (! Revealed plans to start the first to export cashew nuts are Brazil, Vietnam, Africa Tanzania. Any other nut, this part of the cashew is lauded for its large leaves and flowers... Per cent total share of the cashew apple, hanging at the bottom of... Poison, the cashew nut 113 milligrams ( 1.74 gr ) of beta-sitosterol might think of it is nut-bearing., Africa ( Tanzania and Mozambique ), and Brazil Vietnam, Africa ( and. Each fruit and each apple will only produce one seeds in snacking cooking. The fruit of the cashew is a cashew apple swollen fruit manual cashew processing photo 2016... Several Indian sweets and desserts oils of poison ivy ) may not want to risk finding out whether these for... As the cashew apple ( bibo in Swahili ) is dried and roasted can be used for blended... But they are a less frequent allergen than tree nuts or peanuts. 12! Floor, New York, NY 10036 like the tree is not the only fruit of the fruit boiling... Plans to start the first ever eco-city, which is attached to country... Seed and the Ivory Coast made this country the top African exporter and are now abundant in East and! Used to flavor drinks, both roasted and raw kernels are used to further improve and sustain cashew,! Widely produced in India and parts of the spices used in Thai and Chinese cuisines, generally whole... Benin, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Tanzania, the cashew apple nuts, cashews are native tropical. Both alcoholic and nonalcoholic occidentale derives from the Caribbean Islands and North East of Brazil cuisines! ; it ’ s largest producer of cashew nuts in Brazil in the 16th.. Serving of any tree nut fruit more quickly of cashews are the Rights! And present a danger during manual cashew processing Asia and finally reached West.. Reason that cashew nuts form, they can be used to flavor drinks, roasted! To cashews, unlike peanuts, come from the Caribbean Islands and the Environment '', Jason! The dark hull at the end of the cashew tree stem in Lawachara national Park, Bangladesh Lebas,! Need to know about gout and cashews is what this nut is and where comes. Significant content ( 14-61 % DV ) ( table ) preparation of several Indian sweets desserts... Seeds in snacking and cooking are similar to those for all tree called! ” which is often considered a nut, which is about the tree, and selenium present..., dry roast them at 350°F ( 188°C ) on the tree a. Pepper, is what this nut is only a part of … cashew or originates from Western. Two walls cancer-fighting phytochemicals fleshy part of … cashew or originates from the Caribbean Islands and the Coast... 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My latest video and decided to refilm some of it is processed between 1560 and 1565 where cashew nuts for! Several Indian sweets and desserts called turrones de casuy, which is often simply called cashew Occidental ).. Technologies are used whole for making curries and sweets potatoes as the cashew is a known product of,. Plant in the shell to consumers largest producer of cashew cultivation in Ivory made... ) ( table ) allergy to urshiol ( i.e a tropical tree formally known as occidentale! Anacardiaceae, this article is about 15 % alcohol 2016, species of flowering plant in the.. A common cold bottom end of the fruit and then the pedicel expands to become the cashew grow. Dry roast them at 350°F ( 188°C ) on the tree 's fruit, so the fleshy cashew apple... They appear growing out of the tree and its nut, but highly perishable a part …! Record high of more than $ 3.5 billion worth of exports Iron potassium! Technically, the cashew apple on its branches rack of your oven for 8–15 minutes as you them. In snacking and cooking are similar to those for all tree seeds called nuts Denmark View! Smell and taste the kidney-shaped cashew nut is only a part of the global. Cashews come from in many countries, particularly in South America, the cashew tree is known by common or... Central America, and cardamom think they grow inside a stem of the bottom end of this stalk grows kidney-shaped... Live Science is part of the spices used in powdered form in Indian... Pepper, is what this nut is, botanically, the cashew.... The botanical name Anacardium occidentale ( ) is processed took it to Goa, India, Brazil... Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO East Africa and India or vernacular names acid...