'cap': true { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_btmslot' }}]}, Thesaurus n cricket a full-pitched ball bowled at the batsman's All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, 'min': 0, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387233' }}, { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, },{ bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776160', position: 'atf' }}, userIds: [{ See more. 'cap': true dfpSlots['rightslot2'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_rightslot2', [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_rightslot2').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot2).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); The last mandarins in history were in service of the State of Vietnam (1949–1955). Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [160, 600] }}, The key difference between an earmark and a general budget line is the specificity of the recipient, which is usually a particular project in a specific Congressman's district or a Senator's home state. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_btmslot' }}, Mandarin (bureaucrat), a bureaucrat of Imperial China (the original meaning of the word), and by analogy, any senior government bureaucrat Bureaucrat, government bureaucrats of other regions; Language. noun often pejorative A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles. In the table below, "na" is shorthand for the "nth rank, primary" (正n品), which is a higher sub-rank than "nth rank, secondary" (從n品), denoted as "nb" in the table. var pbAdUnits = getPrebidSlots(curResolution); { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654157' }}, },{ political beliefs, political leanings, political sympathies, political views, party politics, political alliance View synonyms 1.4 often the politics of The principles relating to or inherent in a sphere or activity, especially when concerned with power and status. 3. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, googletag.cmd.push(function() { The Mandarin is the leading venue for public service leaders in Australia with news, policy analysis, case studies and professional learning. Centrism and the mandarin class: Understanding the meta-politics of Whitehall bureaucratic neutrality. Political. var pbMobileHrSlots = [ {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, Language plays an important role in Singapore politics. Politics at CNN has news, opinion and analysis of American and global politics Find news and video about elections, the White House, the U.N and much more. 'increment': 0.01, bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_topslot' }}, Election definition is - an act or process of electing. name: "idl_env", { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '541042770', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, dfpSlots['rightslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_rightslot', [[300, 250]], 'ad_rightslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_rightslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').addService(googletag.pubads()); Playing politics "noPingback": true, Meaning of Mandarin. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50]] } }, iasLog("criterion : cdo_dc = english-chinese-simplified"); { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346698' }}, storage: { { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a9690ab01717182962182bb50ce0007', pos: 'cdo_btmslot_mobile_flex' }}, A political party is defined as an organised group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office. {code: 'ad_btmslot_a', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_btmslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_btmslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. It is frequently used, for example, in Galeote Pereira's account of his experiences in China in 1548–1553, which was published in Europe in 1565, or (as Louthia) in Gaspar da Cruz' Treatise of China (1569). 'max': 3, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [300, 600] }}, gutter politics definition in English dictionary, gutter politics meaning, synonyms, see also 'the gutter',gutter press',gutted',guttering'. }); A mandarin (Chinese: 官; pinyin: guān) was a bureaucrat scholar in the history of China, Korea and Vietnam. bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776156', position: 'atf' }}, From the Reference Library. Browse our dictionary apps today and ensure you are never again lost for words. Politics is about making agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such as tribes, cities, or countries.In large groups, such as countries, some people may spend a lot of their time making such agreements. Don’t miss out on any of our updates in this ongoing special Research Series. These terms may be used by Singaporeans in the past or at present. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195465', size: [300, 250] }}, { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_leftslot' }}]}, definition of beamer by The Free Dictionary. This glossary is designed to demystify some of these terms and explain their origins. Vietnam, after becoming free of Chinese rule and setting up its own independent monarchy, emulated the Chinese system of mandarins in its civil service. }; { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346693' }}, var mapping_btmslot_a = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([746, 0], [[300, 250], 'fluid']).addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [300, 50], 'fluid']).build(); [9] This is also the main term used to refer to the scholar-officials in Juan González de Mendoza's History of the great and mighty kingdom of China and the situation thereof (1585), which heavily drew (directly or indirectly) on Pereira's report and Gaspar da Cruz' book, and which was the Europeans' standard reference on China in the late 16th century.[10]. {code: 'ad_leftslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_leftslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_leftslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[120, 600], [160, 600], [300, 600]] } }, Often regarded as the most extreme form of authoritarianism, totalitarianism is generally identified by dictatorial centralized rule dedicated to controlling all public and private aspects of individual life, to the benefit of the state, through coercion, intimidation, and repression. May 2014; Public Policy and Administration 30(1) DOI: 10.1177/0952076714531810. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '555365', size: [160, 600] }}, China has had civil servants since at least the Zhou dynasty. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, {code: 'ad_topslot_b', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_topslot', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_topslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[728, 90]] } }, filter: 'include' 'increment': 1, mandarin synonyms, mandarin pronunciation, mandarin translation, English dictionary definition of mandarin. ga('send', 'pageview'); Add politics to one of your lists below, or create a new one. An example of Mandarin … { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971065', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, "error": true, { bidder: 'criteo', params: { networkId: 7100, publisherSubId: 'cdo_rightslot2' }}, See more. {code: 'ad_rightslot2', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot2', adUnitPath: '/23202586/cdo_rightslot2' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250], [120, 600], [160, 600]] } }, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, var pbDesktopSlots = [ The term earmark spending refers to a part of a spending bill that allocates money for a specific thing such as a location, project or institution. Mandarin Chinese, branch of Chinese spoken in northern and southwestern China . In the West, the term mandarin is associated with the concept of the scholar-official, who immersed himself in poetry, literature, and Confucian learning in addition to performing civil service duties. The mandarins were replaced with a modern civil service after the fall of the Qing dynasty. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, 'buckets': [{ } { bidder: 'onemobile', params: { dcn: '8a969411017171829a5c82bb4deb000b', pos: 'cdo_leftslot_160x600' }}, { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195451', size: [300, 50] }}, speech standard of the Ming and Qing empires, Government of the People's Republic of China, Grand coordinator and provincial governor, Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers, Challenge Cup Competition of Science Achievement in China, China-U.S. Physics Examination and Application, National Higher Education Entrance Examination, Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations, List of foreign language schools in China, Schools of Journalism and Communication in China, National Southwestern Associated University, Association of East Asian Research Universities, International Alliance of Research Universities, Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers (LPAT), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_(bureaucrat)&oldid=998051339, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Field Marshal, Chamberlain of Imperial Bodyguard, Deputy attendants to emperor, attendants to heir apparent, Presidents of Courts, Boards & Censorates, Banner Unit Lieutenant General, Manchu General-in-Chief, Provincial Commander in Chief of Chinese Army, Deputy attendants of heir apparent, Vice Pres. name: "unifiedId", { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971063', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, }); { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_HDX' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_tc = resp"); "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195464', size: [120, 600] }}, { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_SR' }}, Top image: Rice / Zachary Tang. dfpSlots['leftslot'] = googletag.defineSlot('/23202586/cdo_leftslot', [[120, 600], [160, 600]], 'ad_leftslot').defineSizeMapping(mapping_leftslot).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'top').setTargeting('hp', 'left').addService(googletag.pubads()); }], { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '387232' }}, if(!isPlusPopupShown()) Standard Chinese or Modern Standard Mandarin, the official language of China if(pl_p) Civil Service. Politics at CNN has news, opinion and analysis of American and global politics Find news and video about elections, the White House, the U.N and much more. 'cap': true googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ei", "politics"); bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '1666926', position: 'btf' }}, of Courts, Boards, Ministers of Imperial Household, Governor General of Provinces, Banner Captain General, Commandants of Divisions, Brigade General, Chancellors of Imperial Household & Hanlin Institute, Superintendent of Finance, Provincial or Assistant Governors, Assistant Vice Presidents in the Censorate, Provincial Judge, Director of Courts & Activities, Brigadiers of Artillery & Musketry, Brigadier of Scouts, Banner Division Colonel. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '346688' }}, n. 1. { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654149' }}, ‘The mandarin is more likely to exercise bureaucratic discretion wisely, with an eye to morality and larger political consequences, than a technocrat afflicted with tunnel vision.’ ‘Clarke, whose father was a Whitehall mandarin, is known to believe that ministers, not civil servants, should be the mouthpiece for government policy.’ Is a member of an elite group, especially a person having influence or high in. 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