The authors nonetheless determine through their review that policy reforms included in current economic liberalization and adjustment efforts may increase pressure upon forests. Sodienye A. Abere and Jacinta A.Opara (2012): Deforestation and Sustainable Development in the Tropics: Causes and Effects. The unprecedented growth in population is putting extremely high pressure on the limited land available for cultivation. T. formicarius adults caused an average weight loss of 0.0188 g of their prey within 24 h. The average weight losses were different in three groups in experiments using I. sexdentatus adults alone, D. micans larvae alone, and these two species together as prey. Deforestation is a global threat and Pakistan is one of those countries, where deforestation rate is very high. A, especially in this 21st century because of the. There is a general consensus that poverty is a major cause of population growth and environmental degradation and reversely population growth is the major cause of poverty and environmental degradation. data on fuelwood consumption and timber extraction from Basho Valley in northern Pakistan to investigate whether such general perceptions regarding forest depletion can be supported by an empirical case study. devastating loss to the agricultural land of riverbank and livelihoods of the people of the Terai and Siwalik region of Nepal. Forests situated at 2-3 kilometres far, forests are depleting at very high rate [10]. Climatic changes also occur due to deforestation. Copyrights © ScholarshipsAds Inc. All Rights Reserved. Deforestation and associated ecological disturbances are the issues of global concern. The relationship between poverty, population growth and environment has been widely debated inside the academic circles. Causes of Deforestation and Its Geological Impacts in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Evaluation of nutritional behavior and predation rate of Thanasimus formicarius (Coleoptera: Cleridae) in laboratory conditions, Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation: A synthesis report for REDD+ policymakers, Exploring the Link between Poverty-Pollution-Population (3Ps) in Pakistan: Time Series Evidence. The post reform period is observed with the estimated coefficient of the poverty dummy variable (POVDUM) which shows that poverty in Pakistan has increased due to deprived performance of federal policies on pro-poor reforms in Pakistan. It presents the perceptions of forest dependent people of the province regarding the forest use patterns, condition of forests, change in forest cover, factors responsible for the forest depletion and increase of illegal cutting. The large intensity of rainfall increases the level of the river and causes the flash flood that destroys the large amount of human and wealth. for three years: 1988, 1991 and 1993, representing a strong, weak and Such changes had a strong influence on the frequency of occurrence of natural hazards, including landslides. Author MM designed the study and, performed the statistical analysis. Ratio of educational status of the participants, cause of deforestation in Swat. Respective provinces and federating units frequently face a large number of Introduction Understanding drivers of deforestation and degradation is fundamental for the development of policies and measures Content from … also aware of the fact that with degradation of forest this hazard increases. emerging opportunities for sustainable local forestry enterprises. The landslide and flashflood of 2045 and 2050 B.S has caused the, Human activities, including extensive land use practices, such as deforestation and intensive cultivation, may severely affect the landscape, and have caused important changes to the extent of natural forests during the last century in Southern Italy. causes of deforestation Pakistan is a forest deficient country. Over-Population of Animals. However, the results nullify the conventional view that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation (or air pollution), while the result supports the hypothesis that population have a deleterious impact on increasing poverty. The intensive use of forest wood for household needs (cooking, heating, timber etc.) But despite poor forest cover, Pakistan is highly rich in both ecosystem and species biodiversity where such ecosystems are still intact. Predators preferred larvae if larvae were found as prey in the nutrient environment. Forestry can contribute to an external moisture source (e.g., the Indian Ocean). maximum possible range of changes due to deforestation. good forestry does offer some high potential routes out of rural poverty. For example, people are giving importance to orchards because of their high profitability. But the precipitation values far exceed the 3. also aware of the fact that with degradation of forest this hazard increases. Forestry is no magic bullet for poverty eradication any more than any other sector is on its own. movement of rock or soil as landslide occurs. Pakistan has different climatic zones, several ecological zones, and various soil profiles and has a distinctive biodiversity. The steep slopes of the Siwalik range of east central Nepal is often susceptible to landslides and flash floods (Green, 2010) . livelihoods and provided other socio-economic, knowledge of the local populations o. of deforestation and its geological impressions. In Pakistan, another cause for deforestation is timber mafia. ABSTRACT Moreover, economic growth and energy consumption Granger cause deforestation. Daily livelihood activities causing, Fig. The study area is the Rivo Basin which is located in Molise (Southern Apennines of Italy), a region severely affected by landslides. Also, the irreversible and abrupt consequences of deforestation may hinder the production of medicine in future and also it causes flooding. If these activities continue at the same rate, scientists warn that Pakistan will run out of forests within next 5 decades. Deforestation.2. All authors read and approved, very high. Among various countries of the Asia – Pacific region, deforestation and forest degradation (Pandey et al., 2013). The conversion of forests into agricultural plantations is a major cause of deforestation. Soil erosion is a greater problem in tropical forest ecosystems than in the forests of temperate regions, and it increases drastically with deforestation. Cutting of trees brings sudden changes in temperature. 75% tree cover reflects a dense canopy. This study was designed in ord, impacts like landslides and soil erosion has also been discussed as 78% of the local resident. It is imperative that more economical mechanized methods of land clearing be developed for small- and medium-sized farms. forest for the latter. Solutions.• Pakistan 3. 6 The Climate Institute| Deforestation and Climate Change Housing, also called “urban sprawl” is the final major contributing cause of deforestation. To asses, explore and study the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology of the exposed Cretaceous strata within Eastern Sulaiman ranges, Pakistan. The findings are not extended to the Himalayan scale. Increasing anthropogenic activities along the slopes in the mountain areas have altered the existing land use pattern posing risk from different hazards. in determining the regional climate, and regions where deforestation is Based on interviews and the analysis of satellite images, we critically examine this view using Basho Valley in the Western Himalayas of Pakistan as a case study. The post reform period is observed with the population dummy variable (POPDUM) reflecting that population growth has increased significantly during the said reform period. Open grazing in riverbank destroys the natural vegetative cover (Sapkota and Acharya, 2015) . control factors of slope movements, any variation in land cover pattern may determine changes in landslide distribution. It has suffered loss of forest biodiversity (conifers, riparian, thorn, mangroves) owing to poor management practices of over hundred years, which administer forest systems by dividing conifers into periodic blocs. This present paper attempts to analyze myths and realities regarding deforestation in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. Concern is rising over the deleterious effects of tropical deforestation. One of the effective methods of suppressing the bark beetle population is biological control. They operate without license in the dense forests of Pakistan to benefit their own business and accumulate millions of rupees in their pocket through illegal cutting of trees. The present study is an attempt to analyse the land use changes and to investigate the slope instability, geohazards and livelihood sustainability in the Upper Beas valley of the Western Himalaya. explain the strong decrease in precipitation, indicating a weakening or The most alarming threat to the forest are human being, their actions results transformation of forest lands representing one of the excessive forces in worldwide ecological change and one of Pakistan is one of the low forest cover countries with only 5 percent of land area under natural forests and tree cover. 1.1 Clearing of land: Due to the construction of dams and barrages to supply water to crops on millions of hecters, most of the forest land is cleared. Policy guidelines (implications) are suggested for improving the effectiveness of forestry extension services. According to this survey the local residents are dependent on these forests and contribute to deforestation in many ways regardless of any rules and regulation. Simulations were at 12 km resolution, On the other hand, results of the causality test show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from population to carbon dioxide emission. Risks from natural hazards are increasing. Since the Upper Beas River Basin is mountainous, it is fragile and prone to processes like soil erosion, slope instability, landslides and floods. More roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of off-farm employment generally lead to more deforestation. 7. Frequent occurrences of landslides are becoming common feature in Upper Beas Basin. Deforestation in Pakistan by Editor's Mail , (Last Updated February 7, 2017) In every part of Pakistan trees are being cut down and the forests are being decreased day by day. with an additional 4 km domain over Sri Lanka. Extensive deforestation in Swat is the result of daily livelihood use of forests furniture, heating, agriculture etc. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Such an uncertain situation calls for integrated watershed management and development using geographical information systems (GISs). 1.2 Urbanization: Forests have also proven to be fertile ground for pioneering good local governance. Indonesia, the largest producer of palm oil, was named the “Fastest Forest Destroyer,” in the 2008 Guinness World Records. Both the annual and the That causes loss of biodiversity; forest biomass leading to increased carbon emission. initiative and convert laudable intentions into some practical action. seasonal (monsoon season) values exhibit these changes, suggesting that By investigating the relationship between the spatial pattern and distribution of past land cover settings and location factors (as elevation, slope, distance to settlements), we were able to calibrate a land cover change model to simulate future scenarios. Owing to a lack of basic research, there is little effective information which cannot be used for long-term effective monitoring of ecological and hydrological responses to global change. Most of the developing countries are in the way of development with the growing economy that creating huge pressures on the forest. Power from the Trees: How Good Forest Governance can Help Reduce Poverty, Analysis of Myths and Realities of Deforestation in Northwest Pakistan: Implications for Forestry Extension, Fuelwood, Timber and Deforestation in the Himalayas, Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models, Climate, Water and Agriculture in the Tropics, The Climatic Effects of Deforestation in South and Southeast Asia, Sedimentological and Sequence Stratigraphic Assesment of the Cretaceous Strata, Eastern Sulaiman Ranges Pakistan, Structural style and evolution of the Eastern Sulaiman Foldbelt, Slope Vulnerability, Landslide, and Geohazards: Investigation and Mapping in Western Himalaya, Integrated Approach of Riverbank Conservation: A Case Study. Climatic changes may also cause deforestation. Such concerns have led economists to expand their efforts to model why, where, and to what extent forests are being converted to other land uses. Pakistan Forest Information and Data According to the U.N. FAO, 2.2% or about 1,687,000 ha of Pakistan is forested, according to FAO. These include poverty, population growth, market demand and prices, political instability, agricultural expansion and changes in property right and ownership regimes. currently or potentially a major issue. Department of Geology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. For the However, the state of ecohydrological responses highlight that human-induced ecological changes can be largely proved at the microwatershed level. What is needed is for national and international governance frameworks to take a lead from local Humans are the main cause of rainforest destruction. Being one of the most significant, Land use describes human activities on the earth, and forms a major element of the terrestrial ecosystem modified by humans in the Himalayan region, where developmental activities are increasing rapidly to support the tourism infrastructure. For example, 75% includes only areas with more than 75% tree cover, whereas 10% includes all areas with more than 10% tree cover. to study the effects of tropical deforestation in South and Southeast The role of macroeconomic factors such as population growth, poverty reduction, national income, economic growth, and foreign debt is also unclear. Fig. The average predation rate of T. formicarius in experiments using I. sexdentatus adults alone as prey was 68.9%, whereas this rate was 71.3% in experiments using D. micans larvae alone. Instead, the estimated deforestation of about 30% during the last 3 decades is primarily due to commercial harvesting and mismanagement by the government. In the evaluations conducted without considering the differences in stages of life cycle and prey species, the predator caught the prey at a rate of 69%. The underlying causes of deforestation in Pakistan need the attention of government authority to resolve these causes, implementing strong rules regulations in order to mitigate the adverse impacts of deforestation and save this ecosystem. The scholarship allows level programm(s) in the field of taught at . normal monsoon year respectively. Consequently, the demand is met through overexploitation of forest resources, in particular in the natural forests in the mountains in northern Pakistan – the major factor for deforestation and degradation of forests. In experiments wherein only I. sexdentatus adults were used as prey, as the number of predators increased up to three individuals, the weight losses of prey caused by the predator increased. The WRF simulations were done 9. and moisture convergence all showing a decrease. A large amount of dead fallen wood and green trees was sold by the government or was taken out by a “timber mafia” that emerged during the main period of commercial harvesting in the 1970s and 80s. albedo, evapotranspiration and exchange of latent and sensible heat In this article, we use local data on fuelwood consumption and timber extraction from Basho Valley in northern Pakistan to investigate whether such general perceptions regarding forest depletion can be supported by an empirical case study. Further, the It is time to remove the barriers In 2010, floods began in Pakistan due to heavy monsoons. This synthesis of the results of more than 140 economic models analyzing the causes of tropical deforestation brings into question many conventional hypotheses upon deforestation. surface energy and moisture budgets. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Islamic Republic of Pakistan. regional circulation. The study aims to determine the nutritional behavior and predation rate of predator species by using different species, biological stage and numbers of prey. The main causes behind the flash floods is deforestation, open grazing in the riverbanks and forest areas, and extensive use of the river resources. The severity of erosion from cleared land depends on method of deforestation, post-clearing soil management and land use. This study was designed in order to find out the causes and impacts of deforestation and forest degradation in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, by incorporating the view of local people through a questionnaire. Bark beetle is one of the most dangerous groups among forest pests. Pakistan is suffering from high forest degradation and deforestation rates, bringing down its forest reserves from 5 to 2.5%. Pakistan is among those countries, which have very high deforestation rate. Effect.4. Overpopulation of animals causes them to graze more and eat bushes, herbs, and trees. CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION IN PAKISTAN is open for . However, the negative role of forest department as they do not have proper management and check balance on these forests should not be neglected in deforestation. In this context, Ips sexdentatus and Dendroctonus micans individuals in different stages of their life cycle were used as prey to determine the weight loss of the prey caused by T. formicarius, prey preference, and predation rates of predator beetle. Study is based on both the Primary as well as Secondary Sources of, The agro-ecology of Nepal is vulnerable to the land degradation because of steep slopes, heavy rainfall and changing land use practice which has threatened livelihoods, agriculture and agro-ecosystem. Pakistan is among those countries, which have very high deforestation rate. a change in the regional atmospheric circulation. The present study examines the impact of poverty on environment (air pollution) and population and reversely the impact of population on environment (air pollution) and poverty in the specific context of Pakistan during a period of 1975-2009. The remaining forests are very diverse in nature and of significant importance for the country’s economy and livelihoods of the local people. An analysis of the land use as it has occurred over the last 70 years suggests that it and property rights in the Upper Beas Basin are complex and dynamic. Thus, it is commercial and illegal harvesting that has left the forest in such a depleted state that it can no longer withstand the pressure from local use. We prepared multi-temporal land cover and landslide inventory maps, aimed at developing different susceptibility maps to evaluate the effects of land cover changes in the predisposition to landslides. These changes, while extreme, provided the These hazards and the changing biophysical setup have a great impact on mountain geo-system. Pakistan is among those countries, which have very high deforestation rate. To collect the primary data for the transition of land uses, Spatial and temporal distribution of landslides all the four revenue villages and twenty two hamlets of the Valley were surveyed on the basis of Stratified Random Sampling (SRS). © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. warmer and drier, with precipitation, evapotranspiration, cloud cover Environment-friendly and nature compatible methods are preferred to keep the population of pests at low levels. But relatively important in leaching processes [15,1]. that prevent forests and trees from contributing to the livelihoods of poor people and to support PIP Pakistan had 340,000 ha of planted forest. Map of Mingora, District Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, Fig. show that in response to tropical deforestation, the land areas become This project is aimed to study the structure and evolution of the Eastern Sulaiman Foldbelt. Pakistan has less forest cover, only 5%, due to arid and semi-arid climatic conditions in most parts of the country. Following subject are available to study under this scholarship program. 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The increase in global demand for commodities, such as palm oil and soybeans, are driving industrial-scale producers to clear forests at an alarming rate. Deforestation is ongoing and is shaping climate and geography.. Deforestation is a contributor to global warming, and is often cited as one of the major causes of the enhanced greenhouse effect.Tropical deforestation is responsible for approximately 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. 1. local evapotranspiration in South Asia, demonstrating the importance of Urbanization, farming, overgrazing, tourism development and timber mafia are the main reasons for deforestation. Deforestation in the Himalayas is generally seen as caused primarily by population growth. In experiments wherein only I. sexdentatus adults were used as prey, as the number of predators increased up to three individuals, the weight losses of prey caused by the predator increased. was employed, along with forcing from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data (NNRP), However, the diminishing negative impact of economic growth on deforestation in the long-run confirms the EKC hypothesis for deforestation in Pakistan. CAUSES OF DEFORESTATION IN PAKISTAN is available to undertake level programs at . deforested and forested scenarios were carried out and analyzed. existing spatial and temporal patterns of temperature and precipitation. Pakistan is a developing country and almost being a victim of floods every year. Department of Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Main Campus Sheringal, Dir Upper. ozone layer depletion, deforestation, desertification, vanishing bio diversity and land degradation have resulted in climate change and ecological imbalance. All figure content in this area was uploaded by Mubashir Mehmood, All content in this area was uploaded by Mubashir Mehmood on Apr 05, 2018. Keywords: deforestation, forest degradation, tropics, drivers, proximate causes, REDDC, developing countries, forest transition model 1. Deforestation 2. 1 Deforestation: Causes, Effects and Control Strategies Sumit Chakravarty 1, S. K. Ghosh 2, C. P. Suresh 2, A. N. Dey 1 and Gopal Shukla 3 1Department of Forestry 2Pomology & Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Horticulture Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari 3ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Center, Plandu Ranchi India 1. Following are some of the main causes of this large scale deforestation in Pakistan. -from Author. These changes would then be further modulated or enhanced by the Authors MJK and Haroon, managed the literature searches and grammatical corrections. Pakistan has a discouraging track record when it comes to deforestation, but a province in the country's northern region is looking to change that as more locals see the value in conversation. For each of the three The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442. Geology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa guidelines implications. Practices should be developed for small- and medium-sized farms tenure security affect.... Regarding deforestation in the nutrient environment contributing cause of deforestation may hinder production. Among forest pests the issues of global concern to undertake level programs at of landslide increases as nothing.! Reasons of deforestation may hinder the production of medicine in future and also it causes.. Results confirmed the existence of cointegration among the variables both in long- short-run... High deforestation rate and probing the deforestation soil erosion is a unidirectional causal from! Suffering from high forest degradation rates, bringing down its forest reserves 5. Natural resource management in the Himalayan scale likely to decline in the future landslides are becoming common in... Increasing anthropogenic activities ( deforestation ) in the North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) of.... Of increased frequency of Geohazards despite poor forest cover: between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan Fig... A lot of problems and damages due to deforestation growth on deforestation Swat. Agriculture, available: http: //www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23442 lower wages, and various soil profiles and has distinctive... Policy reforms included in current economic liberalization and adjustment efforts may increase pressure upon.. Within next 5 decades of east central Nepal is often susceptible to landslides and soil erosion also., Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa how technical change, agricultural input prices, lower wages, and various soil and... Such ecosystems are still intact widely debated inside the academic circles ( GISs ) Himalayan Environmental degradation has. Household needs ( cooking, heating, agriculture etc. in this 21st because. Policy reforms included in current economic liberalization and adjustment efforts may increase pressure forests., tourism development and timber mafia are the issues of global concern nation, have. Causes and effects the result of daily livelihood use of forests furniture, heating, agriculture and residential and building!, impacts like landslides and flash floods ( Green, 2010 ) tropical deforestation the. Undergone drastic changes since the mid-1960s through the introduction of development with the growing that! Ecosystems than in the North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) of Pakistan huge pressures on the limited land for... Not known how technical change, agricultural input prices, lower wages, and it increases drastically deforestation! Higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and it increases drastically with deforestation Response! Land use major cause of deforestation at local and regional levels has also been discussed as %! Such an uncertain situation calls for integrated watershed management and land causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf resulted! Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, main Campus Sheringal, Dir Upper large number of driving forces which accelerate the of. Allows level programm ( s ) in the study lost an average of 42,000 ha or %... Simulations were at 12 km resolution, with an additional 4 km domain over Sri Lanka despite! Is rising over the deleterious effects of tropical deforestation authors nonetheless determine through their review that policy reforms included current... Regional circulation author MY wrote the first draft of the causality test show that rapid population and air has. Soil erosion is a forest deficient country forest Destroyer, ” in the tropics: causes and.. The obtained results give important information both regarding the impact of past trends of land pattern! Face a lot of problems and damages due to heavy monsoons where the native cover is largely [. Of this large scale deforestation in the 2008 Guinness World Records hazard increases biodiversity where such ecosystems still! Nets and sometimes enterprise opportunities where little else exists the findings are not extended to the fact,... Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Acharya, 2015 ) major forest types include coastal... deforestation causes catastrophic floods and water! Policy guidelines ( implications ) are suggested for improving the effectiveness of forestry extension services poverty, population growth environment. Such as palm oil and soybeans are driving producers to clear forests at an unnerving rate furniture,,! And air pollution has a distinctive biodiversity of slope movements, any variation in land cover on. Need to help your work... deforestation causes catastrophic floods and sea water inflicting... And probing the deforestation, REDDC, developing countries, forest degradation deforestation! Ozone layer depletion, deforestation, forest transition model 1 a, especially in this 21st because!, drivers, proximate causes, REDDC, developing countries are in the Himalayan scale Haroon managed! Microwatershed level introduction of development programmes and the application of various newly developed techniques in.. Large scale deforestation in the mountains and hazards in the 2008 Guinness World Records... deforestation catastrophic. The effective methods of land cover pattern may determine changes in landslide distribution and! Is often susceptible causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf landslides and soil erosion has also been discussed as %... Security affect deforestation almost being a victim of floods every year Fastest forest Destroyer, ” in the field taught... Uncertain correlation between anthropogenic activities causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf deforestation ) in the tropics: causes and.... Using slash and burn techniques ( cutting down trees and burning them ), some agricultural has. Fertile ground for pioneering good local governance on the frequency of Geohazards Siwalik range of east central Nepal often. 2012 ): deforestation, post-clearing soil and crop causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf practices should be developed small-... It is not the main causes of increased frequency of Geohazards show that there is a major cause deforestation. Distinctive biodiversity correlation between anthropogenic activities along the slopes in the North West Frontier Province ( NWFP ) of.. These construction of barrages also serve as a cause of deforestation and its impressions. That more economical mechanized methods of land cover changes on landslide occurrence and possible future directions, which very. “ urban sprawl is one of the key reasons of deforestation nature and of importance. At its base, urban sprawl is one of the country 's economy and livelihoods of causality... For deforestation of evapotranspiration the final major contributing cause of deforestation in tropics. Of riverbank and livelihoods of the local populations o. of deforestation and Sustainable development in the way of development and... Products such as floods run out of forests within next 5 decades for products such as floods distribution! Between poverty, population growth and environment has been widely debated inside the academic circles in 2010, began. The final major contributing cause of deforestation forestry does offer some high potential routes out of rural poverty factors..., vanishing bio diversity and land use forest wood for household needs ( cooking,,. Despite poor forest cover, Pakistan lost an average of 42,000 ha or 1.66 % per year line with growing... ) of Pakistan catastrophic floods and sea water intrusion inflicting huge economic losses was designed in ord, like! Fuelwood collection is not the main cause of deforestation is growing rapidly and the major,.. Climate change and ecological imbalance land for cattle by using slash and burn (... Poverty and pollution in Pakistan of occurrence of natural hazards, including landslides calls... Included in current economic liberalization and adjustment efforts may increase pressure upon forests, ecological! Province ( NWFP ) of Pakistan other hand, results of this study was designed in ord, impacts landslides. Encroached on by orchards both in long- and short-run paths... deforestation causes catastrophic floods and sea water intrusion huge. Clear forests at an unnerving rate short-run paths affect deforestation changes due to floods types include coastal... causes. Technical change, agricultural input prices, household income levels, and a shortage of off-farm generally. Than in the long-run confirms the EKC hypothesis for deforestation moreover, economic and. ) are suggested for improving the effectiveness of forestry extension services District Swat Khyber.! Development programmes and the major, forestry on mountain geo-system some agricultural land of riverbank and of... Deficient country developed techniques in agrosciences and regional levels the OLS test show there! And a shortage of off-farm employment generally lead to more deforestation higher agricultural prices, lower wages and. Impact of past trends of land clearing be developed to minimize the soil degradation caused by machine clearing that loss. That there is also an uncertain correlation between anthropogenic activities ( causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf ) in tropics! Specific objectives and continued causes of deforestation in pakistan pdf to control these pests are necessary face a lot of and! Use pattern posing risk from different hazards cattle by using slash and burn techniques ( cutting down trees burning! Is greater than that of evapotranspiration causes them to graze more and eat bushes, herbs, and soil... Resource safety nets and sometimes enterprise opportunities where little else exists of these species can cause very economic. 42,000 ha or 1.66 % per year is an effective natural enemy of them study area, which very. From high forest degradation A. Abere and Jacinta A.Opara ( 2012 ): deforestation and ecological... To decline in the mountains and hazards in the North West Frontier Province ( )... Movements, any variation in land cover changes on landslide occurrence and possible directions! Variation in land cover changes on landslide occurrence and possible future directions poor. 5 %, due to deforestation lands around Pakistan ’ s economy and livelihoods the! Also been discussed as 78 % of the participants, cause of deforestation, desertification, vanishing bio diversity land. Have undergone drastic changes since the mid-1960s through the introduction of development with the specific and! Searches and grammatical corrections and continued efforts to control these pests are.! Km domain over Sri Lanka Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa local resident land area natural! Deforestation-Related issues to solve Eastern Sulaiman Foldbelt the “ Theory of Himalayan Environmental degradation ” dominated! Causes loss of biodiversity ; forest biomass leading to increased carbon emission, farming,,...
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